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      <h1 id="Restful风格"><a href="#Restful风格" class="headerlink" title="Restful风格"></a>Restful风格</h1><h2 id="1-概念"><a href="#1-概念" class="headerlink" title="1. 概念"></a>1. 概念</h2><p>​    Restful就是一个资源定位及资源操作的风格。不是标准也不是协议，只是一种风格。基于这个风格设计的软件可以更简洁，更有层次，更易于实现缓存等机制。</p>
<h2 id="2-功能"><a href="#2-功能" class="headerlink" title="2. 功能"></a>2. 功能</h2><ul>
<li>资源：互联网所有的事物都可以被抽象为资源</li>
<li>资源操作：使用POST、DELETE、PUT、GET，使用不同方法对资源进行操作。</li>
<li>分别对应 添加、 删除、修改、查询。</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>

<h3 id="2-1-传统方式操作资源"><a href="#2-1-传统方式操作资源" class="headerlink" title="2.1. 传统方式操作资源"></a>2.1. 传统方式操作资源</h3><p>通过不同的参数来实现不同的效果！方法单一，post 和 get</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/queryItem.action?id=1</a> 查询,GET</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/saveItem.action</a> 新增,POST</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/updateItem.action</a> 更新,POST</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/deleteItem.action?id=1</a> 删除,GET或POST</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-2-使用RESTful操作资源"><a href="#2-2-使用RESTful操作资源" class="headerlink" title="2.2 使用RESTful操作资源"></a>2.2 使用RESTful操作资源</h3><p>可以通过不同的请求方式来实现不同的效果！如下：请求地址一样，但是功能可以不同！</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/1</a> 查询,GET</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item</a> 新增,POST</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item</a> 更新,PUT</li>
<li><a href="http://127.0.0.1/item/1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1/item/1</a> 删除,DELETE</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>学习测试</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>在新建一个类 RestFulController</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Controller</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">RestFulController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="2">
<li>在Spring MVC中可以使用 @PathVariable 注解，让方法参数的值对应绑定到一个URI模板变量上。</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Controller</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">RestFulController</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//映射访问路径</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/commit/&#123;p1&#125;/&#123;p2&#125;"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">index</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable <span class="keyword">int</span> p1, @PathVariable <span class="keyword">int</span> p2, Model model)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">int</span> result = p1+p2;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值</span></span><br><span class="line">        model.addAttribute(<span class="string">"msg"</span>, <span class="string">"结果："</span>+result);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//返回视图位置</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"test"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ol start="3">
<li>测试请求查看下</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200309085328.png" alt=""></p>
<p>思考：使用路径变量的好处？</p>
<ul>
<li>使得路径变得更加简洁</li>
<li>获得参数更加方便，框架会自动进行类型转换</li>
<li>通过路径变量可以约束访问参数，如果类型不一样，则访问不到对应的请求方法，如这里访问是的路径是/commit/1/a，则路径与方法不匹配，而不会是参数转换失败。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200309085449.png" alt=""></p>
<ol start="4">
<li>我们来修改下对应的参数类型，再次测试</li>
</ol>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//映射访问路径</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(<span class="string">"/commit/&#123;p1&#125;/&#123;p2&#125;"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">index</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable <span class="keyword">int</span> p1, @PathVariable String p2, Model model)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    String result = p1+p2;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//Spring MVC会自动实例化一个Model对象用于向视图中传值</span></span><br><span class="line">    model.addAttribute(<span class="string">"msg"</span>, <span class="string">"结果："</span>+result);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">//返回视图位置</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"test"</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200309085520.png" alt=""></p>
<h4 id="2-2-1-使用method属性指定请求类型"><a href="#2-2-1-使用method属性指定请求类型" class="headerlink" title="2.2.1 使用method属性指定请求类型"></a>2.2.1 使用method属性指定请求类型</h4><p>用于约束请求的类型，可以收窄请求范围。指定请求谓词的类型如GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, TRACE等</p>
<p>Spring MVC 的 @RequestMapping 注解能够处理 HTTP 请求的方法, 比如 GET, PUT, POST, DELETE 以及 PATCH。</p>
<p><strong>所有的地址栏请求默认都会是 HTTP GET 类型的。</strong></p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@GetMapping</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@PostMapping</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@PutMapping</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@DeleteMapping</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@PatchMapping</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>@GetMapping 是一个组合注解</p>
<p>它所扮演的是 @RequestMapping(method =RequestMethod.GET) 的一个快捷方式。</p>
<p>平时使用的会比较多！</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">@Controller</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">RestfulController</span>  </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@RequestMapping</span>(value = <span class="string">"/commit/&#123;p1&#125;/&#123;p2&#125;"</span>,method = RequestMethod.GET)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> String <span class="title">index</span><span class="params">(@PathVariable <span class="keyword">int</span> p1 , @PathVariable <span class="keyword">int</span> p2, Model model)</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">int</span> result = p1+p2;</span><br><span class="line">        model.addAttribute(<span class="string">"msg"</span>,<span class="string">"结果"</span>+result);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="string">"test"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="3-小黄鸭调试法"><a href="#3-小黄鸭调试法" class="headerlink" title="3. 小黄鸭调试法"></a>3. 小黄鸭调试法</h2><p>场景一：<em>我们都有过向别人（甚至可能向完全不会编程的人）提问及解释编程问题的经历，但是很多时候就在我们解释的过程中自己却想到了问题的解决方案，然后对方却一脸茫然。</em></p>
<p>场景二：你的同行跑来问你一个问题，但是当他自己把问题说完，或说到一半的时候就想出答案走了，留下一脸茫然的你。</p>
<p>其实上面两种场景现象就是所谓的小黄鸭调试法（Rubber Duck Debuging），又称橡皮鸭调试法，它是我们软件工程中最常使用调试方法之一。</p>
<p><img src="https://zhuuu-bucket.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/img/20200309085913.png" alt=""></p>
<p>此概念据说来自《程序员修炼之道》书中的一个故事，传说程序大师随身携带一只小黄鸭，在调试代码的时候会在桌上放上这只小黄鸭，然后详细地向鸭子解释每行代码，然后很快就将问题定位修复了。</p>

      
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